Debt collection · Russia

Постановление о возбуждении исполнительного производства — the bailiffs' 5-day window

A Постановление о возбуждении исполнительного производства is the bailiff's decision opening a forced-collection case against you on the basis of an enforcement document. It gives one short window — 5 days — to pay voluntarily before enforcement begins and a 12% fee is added.

How serious: enforcement closeAlso called: письмо от приставов, постановление ФССП, исполнительное производство, письмо от судебного пристава-исполнителя

A bailiff has opened a forced-collection case (исполнительное производство) against you. It is based on an enforcement document: a court judgment, a судебный приказ, a ГИБДД fine unpaid for 60 or more days, or a notarial writ.

The letter gives one short window to pay voluntarily — 5 days. During that window no fee is added.

After it, enforcement begins: account debits, salary deductions, property seizure — and the исполнительский сбор, a fee of 12% of the debt, is added on top.

Who sends it

The Федеральная служба судебных приставов (ФССП России) — the federal bailiff service that forcibly executes court decisions and other enforcement documents.

Header 'Постановление о возбуждении исполнительного производства' with the case number (№ ...-ИП), the debt amount, the creditor and the enforcement document it is based on, plus the standard warning about the срок для добровольного исполнения and the исполнительский сбор. It arrives via Госуслуги or by registered mail, and the case appears in the public 'Банк данных исполнительных производств' on fssp.gov.ru.

The deadline

5 days for voluntary payment (ФЗ-229 ст. 30: 'Срок для добровольного исполнения составляет пять дней со дня получения должником постановления о возбуждении исполнительного производства' — or from delivery of the electronic/SMS notification about the case).

Voluntary payment is due within 5 days (ФЗ-229 ст. 30: 'Срок для добровольного исполнения составляет пять дней со дня получения должником постановления о возбуждении исполнительного производства'). The clock starts on the day the постановление is received, or on the day the notification about the case is delivered to your Госуслуги account or by SMS.

If you do nothing

After the 5 days the bailiff imposes the исполнительский сбор — 12% of the debt, minimum 2,000 ₽ for individuals and ИП, 20,000 ₽ for organizations (ФЗ-229 ст. 112; the rates were raised from 7% / 1,000 ₽ by the 29.12.2025 amendment) — and applies enforcement measures: debiting bank accounts, withholding from salary, seizing and selling property, restricting travel abroad.

How it escalates

01Day 6 onwards: the исполнительский сбор of 12% (minimum 2,000 ₽) is added to the debt (ФЗ-229 ст. 112).
02Bank accounts and cards are located and debited; salary and other periodic income can be withheld at source.
03Property (car, real estate) can be arrested and sold; registration actions on it are blocked.
04Travel ban from Russia: at 30,000 ₽ or more of debt immediately, or at over 10,000 ₽ two months after the voluntary deadline; over 10,000 ₽ for alimony and injury debts (ФЗ-229 ст. 67).
05A driving-license suspension is possible for certain debt types (ФЗ-229 ст. 67.1).

Your options, procedurally

Payment of the full amount within the 5 days — then no исполнительский сбор is due; the payment confirmation can be sent to the bailiff.
If the underlying debt was already paid earlier: proof of payment can be sent to the bailiff to have the case closed.
An application for отсрочка/рассрочка (deferral or installments) can be made to the bailiff, or to the court that issued the document.
The bailiff's actions and decisions can be challenged before the senior bailiff (старший судебный пристав) or in court.
The исполнительский сбор itself is waived if it is proven that performance was impossible due to force majeure (ФЗ-229 ст. 112).
The case can be monitored and paid through Госуслуги or the ФССП 'Банк данных исполнительных производств'.

Common questions

When do the 5 days start?

On the day the постановление is received, or on the day the notification about the case is delivered to your Госуслуги account or by SMS (ФЗ-229 ст. 30).

How much is the bailiff's fee?

12% of the debt, minimum 2,000 ₽ for individuals and ИП and 20,000 ₽ for organizations (ФЗ-229 ст. 112). It is imposed only after the 5-day voluntary window passes unpaid.

I already paid this debt before the bailiffs got involved — what then?

Proof of payment can be sent to the bailiff to have the case closed.

At what debt can travel abroad be restricted?

At 30,000 ₽ or more immediately; at over 10,000 ₽ two months after the voluntary deadline; and at over 10,000 ₽ for alimony and injury debts (ФЗ-229 ст. 67).

Sources

Facts verified against the sources below on 28 August 2026.