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Court · Russia

Судебный приказ — a court order issued without you, and the objection that cancels it

A Судебный приказ is a court order for money (up to 500,000 ₽) issued by a judge alone, without a hearing and without you being heard. It is also an enforcement document — but a plain written objection filed within 10 days cancels it, with no reasons required.

How serious: enforcement closeAlso called: приказ мирового судьи, приказное производство, письмо от мирового судьи, court order (writ)

A creditor — a bank, a microloan company, a utility provider, a telecom — applied to a мировой судья for an order to collect money, and the judge issued it single-handedly, without a hearing. This procedure is used massively for debt collection, and the first you hear of the case is usually this letter.

The приказ is at the same time an enforcement document (ГПК РФ ст. 121). If nothing is done, it goes straight to bailiffs or to your bank.

The key fact: it can be cancelled by a simple objection. Within 10 days of receiving the copy, a short free-form letter to the same judge is enough — no reasons and no evidence are required, and the judge must cancel it (ГПК РФ ст. 129). The creditor can then only pursue the claim in an ordinary lawsuit, where you will be heard.

Who sends it

A мировой судья — a justice of the peace, the lowest-level judge in Russia — who issued the order single-handedly, without a hearing, on a creditor's application.

A document titled 'Судебный приказ' from a 'мировой судья судебного участка № ...', naming the взыскатель (creditor), the amount and the legal basis. It arrives by registered mail in an envelope marked 'Судебное', which the post office keeps for only 7 days. A copy must be sent to you within 5 days of issuance (ГПК РФ ст. 128).

The deadline

10 days from receipt of the copy to file возражения (ГПК РФ ст. 128: 'в течение десяти дней со дня получения приказа имеет право представить возражения'). For tax and other mandatory-payment orders issued under КАС РФ the window is 20 days from the day the copy was SENT (КАС РФ ст. 123.5).

Objections (возражения) can be filed within 10 days from the day the copy was received (ГПК РФ ст. 128: 'в течение десяти дней со дня получения приказа имеет право представить возражения'). For tax and other mandatory-payment orders issued under КАС РФ the window is 20 days, counted from the day the court sent the copy — that clock runs even if the letter is never picked up (КАС РФ ст. 123.5).

If you do nothing

The приказ enters into force and, being itself an enforcement document (ГПК РФ ст. 121), is enforced like a judgment: the creditor or the court passes it to ФССП or directly to your bank, and the money is debited. Objections filed after the deadline are returned unconsidered unless you prove the delay was caused by circumstances beyond your control (ГПК РФ ст. 129).

How it escalates

  1. 01The приказ becomes enforceable; the creditor sends it to bailiffs (ФССП) or to your bank.
  2. 02ФССП opens an исполнительное производство: 5 days to pay voluntarily, then the 12% enforcement fee (minimum 2,000 ₽) and account debits (ФЗ-229 ст. 30, 112).
  3. 03Accounts and property can be seized; at 30,000 ₽ or more a travel ban is possible (ФЗ-229 ст. 67).
  4. 04Cancelling the приказ later is only possible by proving the objection deadline was missed for reasons beyond your control (ГПК РФ ст. 129).

Your options, procedurally

  • Возражения относительно исполнения судебного приказа can be filed with the same мировой судья within 10 days — a short free-form letter; no justification or evidence is required, and the judge must cancel the приказ (ГПК РФ ст. 129).
  • After cancellation, the creditor can only pursue the claim through an ordinary lawsuit (исковое производство), where you will be heard (ГПК РФ ст. 129).
  • If the deadline has passed: the возражения can be filed together with proof that objecting in time was impossible for reasons beyond your control — for example, the letter was never delivered (ГПК РФ ст. 129).
  • Приказы issued against you can be checked on Госуслуги and in the ФССП enforcement database, to catch ones that were never received.

Common questions

Why was I never invited to a hearing?

A судебный приказ is issued by a мировой судья alone, on the creditor's application, without a hearing and without the debtor being heard. That is how the procedure works for claims up to 500,000 ₽ (ГПК РФ ст. 121).

Do I need to prove I don't owe the money to cancel it?

No. Возражения filed within 10 days of receiving the copy need no justification or evidence; the judge must cancel the приказ (ГПК РФ ст. 129).

What happens after the приказ is cancelled?

The creditor can only pursue the claim through an ordinary lawsuit (исковое производство), where you will be heard (ГПК РФ ст. 129).

The 10 days have already passed — is it over?

Late objections are returned unconsidered unless it is proven that the delay was caused by circumstances beyond your control, such as a letter that was never delivered (ГПК РФ ст. 129).

Sources

Facts verified against the sources below on 28 August 2026.